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Preparation of Benzopinacol via Photoreduction of Benzophenone in 2-Propano
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Topic: photochemistry, organic chemistry
Level: undergraduate general or organic chemistry
Time: 2 x 4 hours
Equipment: test tubes (13 x 100 mm), cork stoppers, parafilm or rubber septa/stopper,
Chemicals: benzophenone, benzopinacol, 2-propanol, methylene chloride, petroleum ether
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Abstract:
This experiment is a study of the photoreduction of benzophenone in 2-propanol. Hydrogen abstraction by photoexcited benzophenone from 2-propanol yields benzopinacol and acetone as stable products. Benzopinacol can be easily isolated from the reaction mixture and characterized using common analytical techniques.
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Credit: Chris Coenjarts - Luzchem Research Inc.
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Photoreduction of Benzophenone in 2-Propanol
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Topic: photochemistry, photophysics, kinetics, physical-organic chemistry
Level: undergraduate physical chemistry
Time: 2 x 2 hours (separated by ~24 hours)
Equipment: volumetric flasks, quartz cells, rubber septa, degassing needles, nitrogen
Chemicals: benzophenone, 2-propanol, naphthalene
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Abstract:
This experiment is a kinetic study of the photoreduction of benzophenone in 2-propanol. Hydrogen abstraction by photoexcited benzophenone from 2-propanol yields benzopinacol and acetone as stable products. In the presence of naphthalene, energy transfer from photoexcited benzophenone to naphthalene competes with hydrogen abstraction. The rate constant for the hydrogen abstraction reaction can be determined by varying the naphthalene concentration and making use of the Stern-Volmer kinetic relationship.
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Credit: Chris Coenjarts - Luzchem Research Inc.
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2+2 Photocycloaddition of trans-2-Nitrostyrene and 2,3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadie
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Topic: photochemistry, organic chemistry, regiochemistry, NMR characterization
Level: undergraduate organic chemistry
Time: 4 hours
Equipment: test tubes (13 x 100 mm), rubber septa, degassing needles, nitrogen or argo
Chemicals: trans-2-nitrostyrene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, hexane
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Abstract:
This experiment involves the 2+2 photocycloaddition of trans-2-nitrostyrene and 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene in hexane. The two resulting isomeric cyclobutane products can be identified by <sup>1</sup>H NMR after evaporation of the solvent.
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Credit: Chris Coenjarts - Luzchem Research Inc.
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Heterogeneous Photochemistry: Reduction of Methyl Orange by TiO<sub>2
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Topic: heterogeneous photochemistry, environmental chemistry
Level: undergraduate physical chemistry, environmental sciences
Time: 4 hours
Equipment: disposable plastic syringes, syringe filters, stir plate, magnetic stir bar
Chemicals: Methyl Orange, ascorbic acid, TiO<sub>2</sub> (anatase)
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Abstract:
This experiment makes use of heterogeneous photochemistry to reduce Methyl Orange using the semiconducting properties of TiO<sub>2</sub> particles . Decomposition of Methyl Orange can be easily monitored using UV/Vis spectroscopy. The kinetics of decomposition as a function of light intensity and Methyl Orange concentration can be investigated.
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Credit: Chris Coenjarts - Luzchem Research Inc.
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Photoisomerization of (E)-2-Benzylidenecyclohexanone
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Topic: photochemistry, organic chemistry
Level: undergraduate organic chemistry
Time: 3 x 4 hours
Equipment: 50 mL round bottom flask, reflux condenser, stir plate, magnetic stir bar,
Chemicals: cyclohexanone, benzaldehyde, sodium hydroxide, magnesium sulfate, methanol,
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Abstract:
This experiment involves the preparation of (E)-2-benzylidenecyclohexanone via aldol condensation of cyclohexanone and benzaldehyde followed by its photoisomerization to (Z)-2-benzylidenecyclohexanone. The two isomers can be differentiated from one another via spectroscopic, chromatographic, and physical differences.
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Credit: Chris Coenjarts - Luzchem Research Inc.
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Radical Trapping in the Photochemistry of 4-Nitrobenzyl Cobaloxime
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Topic: inorganic photochemistry, free radicals
Level: undergraduate general or inorganic chemistry
Time: 2 x 4 hours (separted by ~24 hours)
Equipment: 250 mL 3-neck round bottom flask, pressure-equalizing dropping funnel, nitr
Chemicals: dimethylglyoxime, cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate, sodium hydroxide, 4-nit
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Abstract:
This experiment involves the preparation of 4-nitrobenzyl cobaloxime from cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate and subsequent trapping of the benzylic radical, which is generated upon its photolysis, by 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO). Both the organometallic complex and the TEMPO-nitrobenzyl adduct are easily isolated and characterized by <sup>1</sup>H NMR.
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Credit: Chris Coenjarts - Luzchem Research Inc.
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Preparation of a Positive Photoresist
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Topic: photochemisty, photolithography
Level: undergraduate organic chemistry
Time: 6 hours
Equipment: microscope slides, heavy-walled suction filtering flask, buchner funnel, fi
Chemicals: 2-diazo-1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid sodium salt monohydrate, chlorosulfonic
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Abstract:
This experiment involves the preparation of a solution inhibitor, 1-diazo-1,2-naphthoquinone-5-(4-methoxy) sulfonate and subsequent use of this molecule in a simple positive photoresist.
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Credit: Chris Coenjarts - Luzchem Research Inc.
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7 Matches Found.
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